Research | Nutrition Obesity Research Centers

Abstract It has been suggested that leucine is primarily responsible for the increase in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) after protein ingestion because leucine uniquely activates the mTOR‐p70S6K signalling cascade. We tested this hypothesis by measuring muscle p‐mTORSer2448, p‐p70S6KThr389 and p‐eIF2αSer51, as well as protein turnover (by stable isotope labelled amino acid tracer infusion in conjunction with leg arteriovenous blood and muscle tissue sampling), in 28 women who consumed either 0.45 g protein kg−1 fat‐free mass (containing 0.0513 g leucine kg−1 fat‐free mass) or a control drink (n = 14) or 0.0513 g leucine kg−1 fat‐free mass or a control drink (n = 14) during a hyperinsulinaemic‐euglycaemic clamp procedure … Read More »

Categories: Featured News, News, Publications Tags: Washington University St. Louis

Effect of Progressive Weight Loss on Lactate Metabolism: a Randomized Controlled Trial

October 18, 2019

Abstract Objective Lactate is an intermediate of glucose metabolism that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. This study evaluated the relationship between glucose kinetics and plasma lactate concentration ([LAC]) before and after manipulating insulin sensitivity by progressive weight loss. Methods Forty people with obesity (BMI=37.9±4.3 kg/m2) were randomized to weight maintenance (n=14) or weight loss (n=19). Subjects were studied before and after 6 months of weight maintenance and before and after 5%, 11% and 16% weight loss. A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure in conjunction with [6,6-2H2]glucose tracer infusion was used to assess glucose kinetics. Results At baseline, fasting … Read More »

Categories: Featured News, News, Publications Tags: Washington University St. Louis

Diurnal Variation in PDK4 Expression Is Associated With Plasma Free Fatty Acid Availability in People

October 18, 2019

Abstract Context Many biological pathways involved in regulating substrate metabolism display rhythmic oscillation patterns. In rodents, clock genes regulate circadian rhythms of metabolic genes and substrate metabolism. However, the interrelationships among substrate metabolism, metabolic genes, and clock genes have not been fully explored in people. Objective We tested the hypothesis that the diurnal expression pattern of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), a key metabolic enzyme involved in fuel switching between glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs), is associated with plasma FFA concentration and clock genes. Design and Methods We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), subcutaneous adipose tissue, and plasma … Read More »

Categories: Featured News, News, Publications Tags: Washington University St. Louis

NORCH Bulletin June 2019

September 6, 2019

NORCH Bulletin June 2019 (Issue #16)

Categories: Featured News, News, Newsletters Tags: Harvard Medical School